With this map, Lincoln could visualize, region by region, the Confederacys greatest economic and labor asset: slaves. He was listed as the only ODOM (or variant) slave owner on the 1850 and 1860 Georgia Slave Schedule in Putnam County. On assignment for 60 Minutes, Anderson Cooper went to Southampton County, Virginia, to the place where Turners bloody rebellion took place in 1831, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 60 white people-- and the deaths of untold numbers of slaves and free African-Americans. The president conferred with Douglass on how to increase recruitment of blacks into the Union army. Mr. Crawford 3-Martha Boykin mar. Calhoun Family In her celebrated Civil War journal, Mary Chesnut wondered what her familys slaves were thinking and feeling. In a November 1861 journal entry, she denounced those who live in nice New England homesclean, clear, sweet-smellingshut up libraries, writing books which ease their hearts of their bitterness to us, or editing newspapers, [all of] which pays better than anything else in the worldWhat self-denial do they practice? Renton's 2021 book, Blood Legacy, investigating his family's slave-owning past, prompted other descendants of slave-owning families to contact him asking for advice on what they should do. The diary was later annotated by C. Vann Woodward and published as, "Mary Chestnut's Civil War." It won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1982. With all his deficiencies, it must be admitted that he has grown continuously, and considering how slavery had weakened and perverted the moral sense of the whole country, it was great good luck to have the people elect a man who was willing to grow., Weeks after Lees surrender, Mary Chesnut visited her Camden plantation, the Hermitage, which had largely survived damage from Union troops. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Boykin Jr. may have been the son of John Boykin and Anne Gwaltney. Thomas Allen Legare, Jr. was a member of the South Carolina state house of representatives in the 1940s and 50s and a senator in the 1950s and 60s. South Carolinas planter aristocracy was bitterly anti-Lincoln, although the new president was not an abolitionist as he stepped into office. She knew she was a tangle of paradoxes. In October 1861, Mary Chesnut wrote anxiously, Now we are here at Sandy Hill [her familys summer retreat outside Camden]half a dozen of whites or dominant class, sixty or seventy Negroesmiles away from the rest of the world.. To southern planters, John Browns raid was a reminder of past threats to their security and order. The new Republican Party became the political home for a new free soil, free labor, free men cause. At that time, blacks could not vote in most northern states. There South Carolina became the first southern state to leave the Union, eventually followed by 10 more. It was based on a notion that all blacks were children and that whites were responsible under Gods plan to watch over them. The Legares having been farming Charlestons land since 1725. He fought in the Revolutionary War and then moved his family about 1800 to what would become Baldwin County, GA, just south of Milledgeville. It allowed for a popular vote in each territory to determine whether slavery should be legally allowed there. In the late 1870s, she picked up her manuscript again, revising, polishing, expanding, and embellishing. And earlier than most, both believed that slave emancipation would be a beneficial result of the war. After a shaky start, however, Union armies proved resilient and determined, and they had huge advantages in manpower. While reporting in Virginia, Cooper posed those questions to two men, Bruce Turner and Rick Francis, whose ancestors were on opposite sides of the 1831 rebellion. She was relieved by slaverys demise. I think the question of how should history view Nat Turner is an important one, says Cooper. Her book offers insights about the planter elite who overwhelmingly dominated South Carolina politics and culture, leading the state into secession and catastrophic war. there are to be found in the State records two early grants, each dated And that the shells were roofing it overbursting toward the fort. Mary, dreading war, made reference to Shakespeares Macbeth, the Scottish king who killed for power in a bloodbath that ended with his death: Sound and fury, signifying nothing. In 1830, he was the largest landowner and slave-owner in Randolph County, GA (soon to be Stewart County). Why did so many impoverished southerners fight for the Confederacy? John Keegan notes that it was fear of being called a cowarda prospect more horrible than deaththat kept some soldiers, Confederate and Union, in the ranks year after year. A birds eye view, looking south, of Circular Church on Meeting Street (right) in Charleston at the close of the Civil War. These kinds of conversations are good ones to have, says Cooper, citing his own willingness to explore the darker chapters of the Cooper family past when he was featured on the PBS show Finding Your Roots hosted by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. With cameras rolling, Gates broke the news to Cooper that his fourth great grandfather on his fathers side of the family, Burwell Boykin, owned 12 enslaved people. They are descendants of one of the citys earliest settlers, Soloman Legare. This series contains correspondence, records for medical expenses for his household and plantation, domestic and business expenditures, and records of cotton sales. Burwell to death. Confederates fought their revolution of 1861-1865 against the Union for one goal: to sustain mastery of the white over the black. Sandy took a hoe and beat Early Twentieth Century Mexican Immigration to the U.S. Grief-devoured families might collapse around her, but Mary tried to go on. His second son, James Boykin, born in 1792 in Kershaw County, SC, was my four-greats grandfather. In the 1840 Census, he shows having 31 slaves. Although they did not own slaves, many men from impoverished parts of the South fought for the Confederacy. Mr. Thornton 4-Elizabeth Boykin mar. at Caernarvon in Wales, but this is unsupported tradition. Edward Jr. and Edward III, as well as multiplelinks and references to the, " All white men "So interwoven is [slavery] with our interest, our manners, our climate and our very being that no change can ever possibly be effected without a civil commotion from which the heart of a patriot must turn with horror." What was this Southerner's argument? When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter, Mary Chesnut worried about her husband in a boat somewhere in that dark bay. Photo: Library of Congress. Unfortunately, it is hard to know if she really believed what she wrote, or if she changed it for later readers who, after the Civil War, likely were not Confederate sympathizers. It was toward the end of her life that Mary decided to publish the diary she had kept throughout the Civil War. Davis, David Brion. James served in the United States Senate, but resigned in 1860 when Lincoln became president. Published long after the war, the diary included many insightful and pointed criticisms of slavery, such as this passage, in which she calls the institution "a monstrous system.a wrong and an inequity." Copies of the deed, James Boykin to the Western Insurance and Trust Company, Columbus, Ga., appear in two places: in the Muscogee County Courthouse (Columbus, Ga.) Deed Book A, page 321-322; and in the Stewart County Courthouse (Lumpkin, Ga.) Deed Book A, pages 516-518. The anti-slavery movement, by contrast, opposed the expansion of slavery and slaveholders rights beyond the South into U.S. territories and northern states. Like the patriarchs of old, our men live all in one house with their wives and their concubines; and the mulattos ones sees in every family partly resemble the white children. So are we.. Francis questions whether a desire to end slavery is what motivated Turner to kill. She extolled southern femininity (Our women are soft and sweetlow-toned, indolent, graceful, quiescent.), but at times she couldnt meet her own standards of ladylike comportment. Pray tell us, is our right to a home in this country less than your own? wrote one black man to the president. C) between one and 10 slaves. His son Arthur was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Jules Washington, of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Civil War Reenactment Unit, commemorates their service. He was the son of a Confederate soldier and the descendant of slave owners. For example, just over in Camden. . In the intimate setting. Not by one word or look can we detect any change in the demeanor of these negro servants, Mary wrote. upon the Creek within old Richard Walls line to him and his heirs. It was named after John Rutledge, Chief of Justice in the U.S. in 1795 and Governor of South Carolina from 1779 to 1782. The majority of Confederate soldiers, including those from South Carolina, didnt own slaves. Rick Francis, county Clerk of Southhampton County, is a descendant of a white slave-owning family that sustained significant losses in Turner's revolt. There are also papers related to real estate and some correspondence from the early twentieth century. Photo: Library of Congress. He was also a signer of the Constitution. The assault failed to take the fort, but the regiments soldiers were widely hailed for their courage, as were black fighters in other notable battles. Combat. I give and bequeath to my son Francis E. Boykin and my son in law James R. Jones as trustees for my daughter Mrs. Clara Billups & her heirs the following slaves to wit Chancy a woman about fifty years old Suzan a woman about twenty four or twenty five years old with her child William. [5] appears that she was married to Edwards son, John Boykin. You can still visit the 60 acres of gardens in addition to the plantation house. Arthur Allen sold him 525 acres at Blackwater Aug.9, 1692. An American should have the right to own his labor and sell it where and how he wants, Lincoln declared. To southern planters, John Browns raid was an alarm that slaves, armed or inspired by abolitionists, could rise up. The war was increasingly bloody, the South a fierce and capable enemy. DeSaussure family. James Boykin papers, The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections. 1823-1886 American plantation owner; diarist. Anderson Cooper put the question to them both: Is Nat Turner a hero? Nat Turner changed that.. This approximately two-hour walk provides an overview of Charlestons Historic Downtown, focusing on the French Quarter and the area south of Broad Street. But that idea was quickly discarded. In July 1863, black soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment spearheaded an assault at Fort Wagner, on Morris Island, South Carolina. A free market for laborthat was Lincolns core belief throughout his political life. (LogOut/ Even so, thousands of impoverished southerners fought to the end. Yes, he is, says Bruce Turner, because he saw an opportunity to try to correct something that was an extremely bad evil. He believes Nat Turner was a freedom-fighter who started a movement that helped end the institution of slavery. Click here to visit Voted in the 10 best: Charlestons Hidden Alleyways and Passages. Change). Amazed, Cooper told Gates that he had little sympathy for his slave-owning relative. Now, by God, Ill put him through. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. And now who is so base as to utter a word against the murdered president? The dog breed, the Boykin spaniel (the state dog of South Carolina) is also named after the family. Slaveholders claimed that owning slaves always entailed a duty and a burdena duty and burden that defined the moral superiority of the South, wrote David Brion Davis, a historian of slavery, in a 2006 book. He owned land in Randolph/Stewart County and in Muscogee County, GA, as well as Russell, Barbour, Macon, and Lee counties in Alabama. As she aged, she became more sophisticated as a writer, but some part of her humanity shriveled. Photographed with her husband, James, in 1840, Mary Chesnut became the Confederacys most brilliant chronicler. Of course, the plantation regions of southern states lacked free labor markets. In Columbia, the S.C. General Assembly remained in session and called for elections to a state secession convention. In his classic Personal Memoirs, published in 1885, Ulysses S. Grant recalled southerners lobbing insults over the Mason-Dixon line. The deed is dated Nov. 16, 1839. In a series of 1854 speeches, he condemned the monstrous injustice of slavery, adding no man is good enough to govern another man, without that others consent.. A delusion and a snare.. B) tied the southern economy to cotton production. Mary Chesnut wrote in her diary: We have lost nearly all of our men, and we have no money . Her journal was published in 1905 and 1949 in aggressively edited versions. Nicholas Cobb sold Thomas Tooke land adjacent to James Manning and In regard to slavery, yes. Charlestons alleys occupy spaces that blur the line between public and private areas and offer remarkable insight into the citys history. The balance of power in the Senateand eventually among U.S. Supreme Court justices, who were confirmed by the Senatewould be decided by which region had the most states, free or slave. This 1890 print depicts the storming of Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina, by the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The Muscogee County deed is more complete, and lists the names and ages of 54 enslaved people, so that is the document from which the names come: In 1820 in Baldwin County, Ga., James Boykin had seventeen of his own slaves (whose names I know of no record yet), separate from his fathers or his brothers. During the war, she recognized the injustices of slavery, and she was justifiably proud of her kindness toward men and women who lived under her thumb. And this duty and burden was respected by millions of nonslaveholding whites, who were prepared to defend it with their lives., Physical violence, in the form of whippings and beatings, was considered necessary to maintain order over children and slaves. Who thinks any worse of a Negro or mulatto woman for being a thing we cant name? He patented 520 acres on the Blackwater in 1683 and Boykin, the first of his family in Virginia, is said to have been born Indeed, many were subsistence farmers from sandhills and upland regions where the land was unsuitable for plantation slavery. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The majority of white Southerners in antebellum America owned: A) more than 20 slaves. To her maid soon after Fort Sumter fell into Confederate hands, Mary Chesnut declared: Now listen. Gwaltney: "I give my Grandson, Edward Boykin one cow". When Abraham Lincoln won the presidency in 1860, the southern elite regarded it almost as an act of war, although Lincoln repeatedly declared that he did not intend to harm slavery in the South. Thus, it was probably a nickname and likely an unpleasant one, unless used ironically, with the medieval sense of humor. In point of fact things looked unchanged. James Boykin (8 August 1823 - 13 July 1907), was one of six sons of Francis Boykin (1785-1839) and Mary Darrington James Boykin (1795-1854), who arrived in Alabama from Camden, South Carolina, about 1818. The descendants of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and those of the people the Lee family enslaved came together for the first time at Arlington House, the national memorial to Lee in Virginia. Booth was scandalized by Lincolns speech on the White House lawn. Direct ancestors of King Charles III and the royal family bought and exploited enslaved people on tobacco plantations in Virginia, according to new research shared with .
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