7. What specific details let the reader know that sending Elsie away was difficult for Henrietta? 6. Explain how TeLinde and Geys relationship led to Gey obtaining a tissue sample from Henriettas tumor. Why is the fact that the Lacks family cannot get health insurance an example of irony? This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. How did the scientific community respond to Gartlers theory about HeLa contamination? 6. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - eNotes Lacks How soon after Henriettas death did the media attempt to write about her? David 4. He showed them the freezer where HeLa samples were kept and noted that the HeLa contamination seemed like poetic justice for sciences mistreatment of the Lacks family. He left his ten children when their mother died. 7. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. While Lurz made copies, he showed her a 1958 newspaper article about how overcrowding at the hospital led to the death of patients. 11. What challenges did she have to overcome? 4. Turner Station is a classic example of a company town. Do you agree with Pomerants suggestion that Gey should have finished his own research before releasing HeLa to the general public? 7. If you are seeking medical records, you should ask your physician. 7. 2. 10. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The meeting ended with Lengauer giving both Lackses his phone number and telling them to call him with any other questions about cells. Does the title of this chapter evoke an emotional response from you? 6. Who was Henriettas gynecologist? Explain what happens during somatic cell fusion. What does it suggest about his life and personality? Days health had deteriorated too much to make the trip, Sonny had to work, and Lawrence still wanted to sue Hopkins. Christopher Lengauer cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect and identify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks family. Describe Deborahs childhood. The photograph, in contrast to Elsies childhood photos, was horrific, and showed that Elsie clearly suffered neglect. Henrietta was diagnosed withcervical cancer shortly after his birth.Extended Lacks FamilyAlbert Lacks Henriettas white great-grandfather. 5. Her family had no idea that part of her was still alive, growing vigorously in laboratoriesfirst at Johns Hopkins, and eventually all over the world. Compare the medical terms describing Elsies condition with the terms used by Henriettas friends and family. WebIn Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. Where does he ask the burden to be placed? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells a riveting story of the collision between ethics, race, and medicine; of scientific discovery and faith healing; and of a daughter consumed with questions about the mother she never knew. Her favorite genres are memoirs, public health, and locked room mysteries. Locate a passage that you found particularly effective or memorable, and explain why you selected it. Do you think Henrietta would have given explicit consent to have a tissue sample used in medical research if she had been asked? WebSkloot and Deborah spent days together just talking about Henrietta and getting used to each other. 9. Discuss the historical and contemporary influence that journalists writing about science have had on public perception and understanding of the subject. What physical ailments did Deborah suffer from as a result of the excitement and stress of seeing her mothers cells for the first time, and learning about Elsie? She also explores the birth and life of the immortal cell line HeLa, and shows how research involving HeLa has changed the landscape of medical research, leading to not only scientific and medical breakthroughs, but also new and evolving policies concerning the rights of patients and research subjects. What simile does she use to explain the functions of the different parts of a cell? What events led to it being developed? You'll be billed after your free trial ends. 8. Skloot begins the book with the following quote from Elie Wiesel: We must not see any person as an abstraction. 9. What questions does Deborah have about her mother? Chapter Thirty-Two: All Thats My Mother 1. How have laws regarding medical privacy changed since the early 1980s? About The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Summary, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Video, Read the Study Guide for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Henrietta Lacks: Used as a Means to an End, The Nature of Henrietta Lacks' Immortality, Introduction to The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Bibliography, View the lesson plan for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, View Wikipedia Entries for The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. 4. Now she worried that perhaps Elsie had been used for medical As Skloot, Deborah, and Lurz were reading the report, a man burst into the room and questioned them. What does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? Skloot ends this chapter with Deborah deciding to finally give her access to Henriettas medical records. Cootie seems to know and understand a little bit about HeLa cells, but he believes that Henriettas spirit is still present in her cells. 8. Even without having been raised by Henrietta, Deborah is clearly her mothers daughter, and carrying one her legacy. Bobette Lacks Lawrences wife. Request Permissions, Published By: The Johns Hopkins University Press. What simile does Donald Defler use to describe mitosis? Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. How long had Henrietta been dead when her family found out that her cells were still alive? 6. He ended up abusing Deborah. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. He and his wife Ethel moved in with Day after Henriettas death to help take care of the children. Susan Hsu the post-doctoral student in Victor McKusicks lab who was assigned to make contact with the Lackses and request samples from them for genetic testing without informed consent. 6. Elsie Lacks medical records show that she suffered abuse, experimentation, and mistreatment. 5. How do you think public interpretation might have been different if the story had been published at the time of Henriettas death in 1951? How did the media react to Carrels announcement that he had grown immortal chicken heart cells? How did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent or offering them financial compensation? With so many aspects of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks to discuss, the fate of Deborahs younger sister, Elsie, sometimes goes unmentioned. A smooth-talking con artist who pretends to be a lawyer in order to scam money from the Lacks family. Explain how HeLa cells were used in each situation. The two women drive to Crownsville, which was formerly known as the Hospital for the Negro Insane. When Henriettas story first appeared in the mainstream media in 1976, many viewed it as one of race and racism. The report itself revealed that Elsie was diagnosed with idiocy likely because she and/or her mother was syphilitic, and that, for six months prior to her death, shed forced herself to vomit by sticking her fingers down her throat. When they stop for the night, Deborah says that she's finally ready to show Rebecca her mother's medical records. The next day, Deborah's hives have improved slightly but she decides to visit a doctor anyway. 9. 3. Rebecca finds one record from shortly before Henrietta gave birth to Deborah; the doctor says her cervix looked healthy then. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. What objective details suggest that Henrietta was in extreme pain at this point in her illness? What causes the confrontation between Deborah and Skloot? More information about Elsie Lacks is available in Chapter 33 of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, titled The Hospital for the Negro Insane.. Lengauer says he thinks Hopkins really screwed up the HeLa situation, and Deborah is surprised to hear a white person finally acknowledge this. 2. Chapter Eight: A Miserable Specimen 1. Deborah submitted a request to have copies made of Elsie Lacks medical records, and Lurz left Skloot and Deborah with some archival documents to look through while he made the copies. Lacks went to Johns Hopkins medical center for treatment for her cancer. Home - Henrietta Lacks - LibGuides at Texas Christian Though this is not entirely accurate from a scientific point of view, it provides a much more emotionally satisfying answer than most scientific explanations. 3. Why did Deborah decide to go see her mothers cells? Our mission is organizing and providing access to quality information resources that inspire curiosity, creativity, and innovation throughout the TCU community, while offering exceptional service and surroundings that nurture our students. WebThe records MDHHS maintains are limited to services provided by MDHHS programs. among writers and scholars in the arts, humanities, and social on 50-99 accounts. In your own words, explain the paradox benevolent deception. 4. Deborah loses it. Mary Kubicek George Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first time. Why is it important to approach history from an objective point of view? Schools are encouraged to adopt the text at the grade level where it best fits with ELA, science and/or social studies curriculum. When Rebecca Skloot and Deborah Lacks visit the center to find out what became of Elsie, they learn of terrible patient abuse and neglect at the institution, including scientific research without consent, which resulted in permanent brain damage and paralysis for many patients, possibly including Elsie. Why do you think Deborah breaks out in hives after visiting Crownsville and giving Skloot access to the medical records? Writing Prompts are thematic and organized in sections that may be of special interest to the disciplines of language arts, social studies, and science. GradeSaver, 23 March 2017 Web. And from that same life, and those cells, Rebecca Skloot has fashioned in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks a fascinating and moving story of medicine and family, of how life is sustained in laboratories and in memory. Deborah laughs and says she will. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. About the Author REBECCA SKLOOT is an award-winning science writer whose articles have appeared in The New York Times Magazine; O, The Oprah Magazine; Discover; Prevention; Glamour; and others. 4. 2. 4. Direct students to carefully examine the endnotes and foreword of the book, and discuss the specific steps and sources that the author used to ensure that the narrative account of Henriettas life is factual and accurate. Why did they respond this way? In the midst of the ceremony, Pullum pulls Rebecca up on the pulpit, saying that she has come to make sense of Henrietta's cells. 7. The marriage was abusive and ended in divorce.Alfred Jr.Deborah and Cheetahs firstborn child and Little Alfreds fatherBobette Lacks Lawrences wife. 8. The hospital, near a Salem Witch Trials location, was already nicknamed The Witchs Castle, and combined with the stories of abuse, ghost stories flourished throughout the decades. Describe the way that Deborah and Zakariyya interact with their mothers cells. (Note: A fruitful debate could be organized with half the class proposing that the book be read as Skloots hero journey, and half proposing that the book should be interpreted as Deborahs journey.) Web3. Chapter Ten: The Other Side of the Tracks 1. 7. Next, Deborah and Rebecca undertake a mission to figure out what happened to Deborah's sister Elsie. How did Skloot finance the research for her book? What does the authors choice of descriptive details reveal to the reader about her impression of Sonny Lacks? 5. Its a story inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff were made of. Elsie Lacks, Henriettas youngest child, had been committed to Crownsville Hospital Center for alleged cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and a diagnosis of idiocy (273). What is the Lacks familys biggest complaint about the way they have been treated by Johns Hopkins and Dr. Gey? Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. 6. What important information did Henriettas doctor fail to give her before starting her cancer treatment? 9. Analyze the last paragraphs of this chapter. What is spontaneous transformation? Lurz had informed them the Maryland State Archives in Annapolis had any surviving records that werent on the Crownsville, MD hospital grounds, and Deborah was keen to go there immediately (despite Skloots gentle probing of her emotional state). This section is known as Lacks Town. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Chapter 28 | Shmoop Which of these sentences from the passage best supports the authors claim that Henriettas cells have been widely used by scientists? How did Southam justify his decision to inject HeLa cells into patients without their knowledge or consent? 2. Chapter Twenty: The HeLa Bomb 1. 6. How is it resolved? As she sifts through materials with Skloot, Deborah's happiest when she finds information about her birth on her mother's medical records. What does the 1969 Johns Hopkins study reveal about the researchers attitude and assumptions about race? 10. What motivated Pattillo to organize the HeLa Cancer Control Symposium? She was institutionalizeddue to epilepsy and died at age fifteen.Gladys LacksHenriettas sister, who disapproved of Henriettas marriage to DayJohnny PleasantHenriettas father. and culture. Do you find this story believable? Chapter Twenty-Four: Least They Can Do 1. Lengauer answered many of their questions about Henriettas illness and cells. 7. Through the microscope, Deborah and Zakariyya watch their mother's cells divide in culture. It is important to remember that this book is not just about HeLa and Henrietta, but also about the friendship between these two women, and so this night is a crucial turning point in that story. Why was Skloot surprised by the appearance of Crownsville? The questions in the final section, Topics for Further Discussion, require students to expand their thinking and engage in significant research activities related to subjects or issues raised in the book. Chapter Thirty-Four: The Medical Records 1. Sadie Sturdivant Margarets sister, Henriettas cousin and confidante. WebAnesthesiology, Pain Management. He warned Deborah that Crownsville in the 40s and 50s, when it was called the Hospital for the Negro Insane, had not been a good place. Chapter Fourteen: Helen Lane 1. To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. 2. Chapter Sixteen: Spending Eternity in the Same Place 1. Because his lab is located at Hopkins, they walk past the same statue of Jesus that their mother walked past on her way to treatment for cancer. Deborah interprets this as evidence that Rebecca is lying, and demands to know who she's working for. More books than SparkNotes. A complete list of the Common Core State Standards can be found at http://www.corestandards.org/thestandards . What does Zakariyyas choice of wordsthat damn doctor who done rape her cells reveal about his feelings about and perception of what Gey did? 8. In the morning, Rebecca is exhausted and Deborah has broken out in massive hives and welts. Please wait while we process your payment. Do you think this was the response that the writers intended? The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The majority of the samples were taken without consent.2005 Members of the Native American Havasupai tribe sue Arizona State University after scientists take tissue samples the tribe donated for diabetes research and use them without consent to study schizophrenia and inbreeding.2005 Six thousand patients join a lawsuit against Washington University, demanding that the university remove their tissue samples from its prostate cancer bank. Compare the differences between irresponsible and responsible reporting on HeLa and the Lacks family. The hospital conducted pneumoencephalography on epileptic children, and Elsie likely would have been included. One UW professor has studied the connection between patient abuse and a seemingly unrelated topic: haunted hospitals. Explore the importance of both religious faith and scientific understanding in the lives of the Lacks family. According to Ethels cousins, why did she dislike Henrietta? Gary Lacks Gladys son and Deborahs cousin. She has worked as a correspondent for NPRs Radiolab and PBSs NOVA scienceNOW, and is a contributing editor at Popular Science magazine and guest editor of The Best American Science Writing 2011. 4. With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. Paraphrase the information on page 50 describing the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. 8 analyze johns hopkinss official response to wyches - Course Hero 7. Howard Jones Henriettas gynecologist at Johns Hopkins. Emanuel Mandel director of medicine at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital (JCDH) who partnered with Southam in unethical experiments. 7. 6. She was institutionalized due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. Meanwhile, Henrietta's family continued to live in poverty and frequently poor health, and their discovery decades later of her unknowing contribution--and her cells' strange survival--left them full of pride, anger, and suspicion. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Elsie Lacks: Henriettas Daughter, Committed to a Hospital Not affiliated with Harvard College. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. What was George Geys position at Johns Hopkins? Deborah tells Rebecca she has just witnessed a miracle. How have groups of people such as African Americans, women, children, and most recently, immigrants, fought for legislation protecting their right to privacy? She's not too concerned about the money. The campus is beautiful, but the two get the impression of some dark history here. 4. Describe how Deborah found out about her mothers painful death. Lurz managed to find Elsies autopsy report along with a photograph. Deborah clearly wasnt handling the stress of the day well. What beneficial biological processes involve mitosis? Johnny Pleasant Henriettas father. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own treasures, with its own sources of anguish, and with some measure of triumph. Analyze the book in light of this quote. Explain the connection that Sonny makes between his mothers personality and the ways he believes HeLa cells have been used. Within a few years, a company named Microbiological Associates would begin selling HeLa for profit.1952 Scientists use HeLa cells to help develop the polio vaccine.1953 HeLa cells become the first cells ever cloned.1954 The pseudonym Helen Lane first appears in print as the source of HeLa cells.1954 Chester Southam begins to conduct experiments without patient consent to see whether or not injections of HeLa cells could cause cancer.1957 The term informed consent first appears in court documents.1965 HeLa cells are fused with mouse cells, creating the first animal-human hybrid cells.1965 The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York finds Southam and a colleague guilty of unprofessional conduct and calls for stricter guidelines regarding human research subjects and informed consent.1966 To ensure adherence to the new guidelines for research involving human subjects, the National Institutes of Health begins requiring the approval of Institutional Review Boards for any research they fund.1966 Gartler drops the HeLa Bomb and proposes that HeLa cells have contaminated numerous cell lines.1970 George Gey dies of pancreatic cancer.1971 In a tribute to Gey, Henrietta Lacks is correctly identified for the first time in print as the source of HeLa.1973 The Lacks family learns for the first time that Henriettas cells are still alive.1973 Researchers from Johns Hopkins take samples from Henriettas children to further HeLa research, without informed consent.1974 The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (the Common Rule) requires informed consent for all human-subject research.1975 Michael Rogers publishes an article about HeLa and the Lacks family in Rolling Stone. There were no further records concerning Elsie in Annapolis, so Deborah and Skloot drove on to Clover. What does Deborahs comment to Lurz that if you gonna go into history, you cant do it with a hate attitude tell you about the type of person she is? Using the book as a guide, describe the process of scientific inquiry. Henriettas cousin says that Henrietta was tryin to tell us somethin with that storm. What do you think she could have been trying to say? Since every human being is made up of cells, Deborah and other members of the Lacks family treat Henrietta's cells as though she was a person. What does this allusion suggest about the tension between scientific discovery, and public perception and fear of such discoveries? Is their belief based on real events? What questions does Deborah have about her mother? What is important to him? Compare the similarities between the fictionalized Law & Order episode and the true story of the Lacks family. three American Literary Magazine Awards for Editorial Content in the 1990s. Explain your answer. Chapter Twenty-Three: Its Alive 1. What types of experiments have been done, and how did researchers find test subjects? 4. Margaret Sturdivant Henriettas cousin and confidante. In May 2001, Deborah, Zakariyya, and Rebecca head to Lengauer's lab. Required fields are marked *. Why do you think Henrietta initially chose not to tell people about her cancer diagnosis? Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Lacks In the case of HeLa, there is literal immortality, but Deborahs quote raises questions about spiritual immortality as well. Define creative nonfiction, a genre in which all facts are accurate and verifiable, but presented in a creative way that emphasizes storytelling through the use of scenes, dialogue, and other techniques more often found in fiction. This section depicts the central injustice faced by the Lacks family: their foremother's cells were taken without their consent and enabled many of the medical miracles of the 21st century, but they cannot afford health insurance. 2. She is the department chair for language arts at Tri-Cities High School, an urban public high school in southwest Atlanta. April 27, 2023. Chapter Five: Blackness Be Spreadin All Inside 1. 2. What was the lawyers main argument in Joes defense? The result of their relationship is an illuminating portrait of the enduring legacy of Henriettas life, death, and immortality. 11. Where does Cootie think Henriettas cancer came from? Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging. Instead, she focuses on getting her grandchildren educated. 3. 5. Moreover, her son Alfred is going to trial right after the conference. 7. For Elsie Lacks, Crownsville was likely just as bad. 2. What do the contents of the apartment tell you about his life and personality? What reasons did Berg give for wanting information about the woman whose cells were used to grow HeLa? Central to this narrative is the relationship between Skloot and Deborah. Those cells, he hoped, would allow scientists to unlock the mysteries of cancer, and eventually lead to a cure for the disease. Culture . Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Chapter Seventeen: Illegal, Immoral, and Deplorable 1. Why didnt Henriettas family know that her cells were still alive? Explain the numerous ways that the Lacks familys right to privacy was violated. 5. Explain how the sale of HeLa evolved into a business. SOCIAL STUDIES 1. Do you agree or disagree with their reasoning? Look back over Skloots description of Zakariyyas apartment. A list of primary standards addressed in the guide can be found below: Common Core Standards English Language Arts 9-10: Key Ideas and Details Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the text. On the Horizon: Painless Way to Check for Bladder Cancer Did Gey benefit or profit in any way from his participation in the research studies? Do you believe Gey was disrespectful? 3. How was Gartler able to link the contamination problem to HeLa? 5. 4. Who is Courtney Mama Speed, and how is she connected to Henrietta Lacks? 6. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. How does Skloot proceed with her research when it becomes clear that Sonny Lacks is not going to meet with her? How does Deborah demonstrate that she is in control when her right to view Elsies records is questioned? A lay preacher, he performed a faith healing on Deborah.LaTonyaDeborah and Cheetahs second child; Davons motherLittle AlfredDeborahs grandsonMargaret Sturdivant Henriettas cousin and confidante. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; trace the texts explanation or depiction of a complex process, phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary of the text. Describe the progression of Henriettas cancer in the eight months between her diagnosis and her death. As Skloot and Deborah walked the halls, the place appeared to be abandoned; and when they came across a room labeled Medical Records, they found that the room was empty. In spite of her deliberate decision to not read her mothers medical records, Deborah Lacks still learned extremely upsetting details about her mothers illness and autopsy. Deborah is prepared, however, and hands him legal documents showing her relationship to Elsie. Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Do you think this was a good decision? Victor McKusick geneticist at Johns Hopkins who conducted research on samples taken from Henriettas children without informed consent to learn more about HeLa cells. Elsie Lacks
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